IEEE Transactions on Magnetics -Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology212002-04-02T16:54:00Z2003-04-16T18:48:00Z2003-04-16T18:48:00Z6442025194IEEE20959295559.3821

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Manuscript received October 9, 2001. (Write the date on which you submitted your paper for review.) This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Commerce under Grant BS123456 (sponsor and financial support acknowledgment goes here). Paper titles should be written in uppercase and lowercase letters, not all uppercase. Avoid writing long formulas with subscripts in the title; short formulas that identify the elements are fine (e.g., "Nd–Fe–B"). Do not write "(Invited)" in the title. Full names of authors are preferred in the author field, but are not required. Put a space between authors' initials. F. A. Author is with the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305 USA (corresponding author to provide phone: 303-555-5555; fax: 303-555-5555; e-mail: author@ boulder.nist.gov). S. B. Author, Jr., was with Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 USA. He is now with the Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA (e-mail: author@lamar. colostate.edu).T. C. Author is with the Electrical Engineering Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, on leave from the National Research Institute for Metals, Tsukuba, Japan (e-mail: author@nrim.go.jp).Preparation of Papers for IEEE T

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(April 2002)First A. Author, Second B. Author, Jr., and Third C. Author, Member, IEEE

Abstract—These instructions give you guidelines for preparing papers for IEEE T

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. Use this document as a template if you are using Microsoft

Word 6.0 or later. Otherwise, use this document as an instruction set. The electronic file of your paper will be formatted further at IEEE. Define all symbols used in the abstract. Do not cite references in the abstract. Do not delete the blank line immediately above the abstract; it sets the footnote at the bottom of this column.

Index Terms—About four key words or phrases in alphabetical order, separated by commas. For a list of suggested keywords, send a blank e-mail to keywords@ieee.org or visit the IEEE web site at

http://www.ieee.org/we

/developers/webthes/index.htm.

NTRODUCTION

THIS document is a template for Microsoft

Word versions 6.0 or later. If you are reading a paper version of this document, please download the electronic file, TRANS-JOUR.DOC, from http://www.ieee.org/organizations/pubs/transactions/stylesheets.htm so you can use it to prepare your manuscript. If you would prefer to use LATEX, download IEEE’s LATEX style and sample files from the same Web page. Use these LATEX files for formatting, but please follow the instructions in TRANS-JOUR.DOC or TRANS-JOUR.PDF.If your paper is intended for a

conference, please contact your conference editor concerning acceptable word processor formats for your particular conference. When you open TRANS-JOUR.DOC, select “Page Layout” from the “View” menu in the menu bar (View | Page Layout), which allows you to see the footnotes. Then type over sections of TRANS-JOUR.DOC or cut and paste from another document and then use markup styles. The pull-down style menu is at the left of the Formatting Toolbar at the top of your

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Word, position the cursor at the insertion point and either use Insert | Picture | From File or copy the image to the Windows clipboard and then Edit | Paste Special | Picture (with “Float over text” unchecked). IEEE will do the final formatting of your paper. If your paper is intended for a conference, please observe the conference page limits.

Procedure for Paper Submission

Review StagePlease check with your editor on whether to submit your manuscript by hard copy or electronically for review. If hard copy, submit photocopies such that only one column appears per page. This will give your referees plenty of room to write comments. Send the number of copies specified by your editor (typically four). If submitted electronically, find out if your editor prefers submissions on disk or as e-mail attachments.

Final StageWhen you submit your final version, after your paper has been accepted, print it in two-column format, including figures and tables. Send three prints of the paper; two will go to IEEE and one will be retained by the Editor-in-Chief or conference publications chair. You must also send your final manuscript on a disk, which IEEE will use to prepare your paper for publication. Write the authors’ names on the disk label. If you are using a Macintosh, please save your file on a PC formatted disk, if possible. You may use

Zip or CD-ROM disks for large files, or compress files using

Compress, Pkzip, Stuffit, or

Gzip. Also send a sheet of paper with complete contact information for all authors. Include full mailing addresses, telephone numbers, fax numbers, and e-mail addresses. This information will be used to send each author a complimentary copy of the journal in which the paper appears. In addition, designate one author as the “corresponding author.” This is the author to whom proofs of the paper will be sent. Proofs are sent to the corresponding author only.

FiguresAll tables and figures will be processed as images.

However, IEEE cannot extract the tables and figures embedded in your document. (The figures and tables you insert in your document are only to help you gauge the size of your paper, for the convenience of the referees, and to make it easy for you to distribute preprints.) Therefore,

submit, on separate sheets of paper, enlarged versions of the tables and figures that appear in your document. These are the images IEEE will scan and publish with your paper.

Electronic Image Files (Optional)You will have the greatest control over the appearance of your figures if you are able to prepare electronic image files. If you do not have the required computer skills, just submit paper prints as described above and skip this section.

1) Easiest Way: If you have a scanner, the best and quickest way to prepare noncolor figure files is to print your tables and figures on paper exactly as you want them to appear, scan them, and then save them to a file in PostScript (PS) or Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) formats. Use a separate file for each image. File names should be of the form “fig1.ps” or “fig2.eps.”

2) Slightly Harder Way: Using a scanner as above, save the images in TIFF format. High-contrast line figures and tables should be prepared with 600 dpi resolution and saved with no compression, 1 bit per pixel (monochrome), with file names of the form “fig3.tif” or “table1.tif.” To obtain a 3.45-in figure (one-column width) at 600 dpi, the figure requires a horizontal size of 2070 pixels. Typical file sizes will be on the order of 0.5 MB.Photographs and grayscale figures should be prepared with 220 dpi resolution and saved with no compression, 8 bits per pixel (grayscale). To obtain a 3.45-in figure (one-column width) at 220 dpi, the figure should have a horizontal size of 759 pixels. Color figures should be prepared with 400 dpi resolution and saved with no compression, 8 bits per pixel (palette or 256 color). To obtain a 3.45-in figure (one column width) at 400 dpi, the figure should have a horizontal size of 1380 pixels. For more information on TIFF files, please go to http://www.ieee.org/organizations/pubs/transactions/information.htm and click on the link “Guidelines for Author Supplied Electronic Text and Graphics.”

3) Somewhat Harder Way: If you do not have a scanner, you may create noncolor PostScript figures by “printing” them to files. First, download a PostScript printer driver from http://www.adobe.com/support/downloads/pdrvwin.htm (for Windows) or from http://www.adobe.com/support/downloads/ pdrvmac.htm (for Macintosh) and install the “Generic PostScript Printer” definition. In

Word, paste your figure into a new document. Print to a file using the PostScript printer driver. File names should be of the form “fig5.ps.” Use Adobe Type 1 fonts when creating your figures, if possible.

4) Other Ways: Experienced computer users can convert figures and tables from their original format to TIFF. Some useful image converters are Adobe

Photoshop, Corel

Draw, and Microsoft

Photo Editor, an application that is part of Microsoft

Office 97 and

Office 2000 (look for C:\Program Files\Common Files \Microsoft Shared\ PhotoEd\ PHOTOED.EXE. (You may have to custom-install

Photo Editor from your original

Office disk.)Here is a way to make TIFF image files of tables

. First, create your table in

Word. Use horizontal lines but no vertical lines. Hide gridlines (Table | Hide Gridlines). Spell check the table to remove any red underlines that indicate spelling errors. Adjust magnification (View | Zoom) such that you can view the entire table

at maximum area when you select View | Full Screen. Move the cursor so that it is out of the way. Press “Print Screen” on your keyboard; this copies the screen image to the Windows clipboard. Open Microsoft

Photo Editor and click Edit | Paste as New Image. Crop the table image (click Select button; select the part you want, then Image | Crop). Adjust the properties of the image (File | Properties) to monochrome (1 bit) and 600 pixels per inch. Resize the image (Image | Resize) to a width of 3.45 inches. Save the file (File | Save As) in TIFF with no compression (click “More” button). Most graphing programs allow you to save graphs in TIFF; however, you often have no control over compression or number of bits per pixel. You should open these image files in a program such as Microsoft

Photo Editor and re-save them using no compression, either 1 or 8 bits, and either 600 or 220 dpi resolution (File | Properties; Image | Resize). See Section II-D2 for an explanation of number of bits and resolution. If your graphing program cannot export to TIFF, you can use the same technique described for tables in the previous paragraph.A way to convert a figure from Windows Metafile (WMF) to TIFF is to paste it into Microsoft

PowerPoint, save it in JPG format, open it with Microsoft

Photo Editor or similar converter, and re-save it as TIFF.Microsoft

Excel allows you to save spreadsheet charts in Graphics Interchange Format (GIF). To get good resolution, make the

Excel charts

very large. Then use the “Save as HTML” feature (see http://support.microsoft.com/support/ kb/articles/q158/0/79.asp). You can then convert from GIF to TIFF using Microsoft

Photo Editor, for example.No matter how you convert your images, it is a good idea to print the TIFF files to make sure nothing was lost in the conversion. If you modify this document for use with other IEEE journals or conferences, you should save it as type “Word 97-2000 & 6.0/95 - RTF (*.doc)” so that it can be opened by any version of

Word.

TABLE IUnits for Magnetic Properties

SymbolQuantity

Conversion from Gaussian and

CGS EMU to SI

magnetic flux

1 Mx

Wb = 10

V·s

magnetic flux density,

magnetic induction

1 G

T = 10

Wb/m

magnetic field strength

1 Oe

/(4

) A/m

magnetic moment

1 erg/G = 1 emu

A·m

= 10

J/T

magnetization

1 erg/(G·cm

) = 1 emu/cm

A/m

magnetization

1 G

/(4

) A/m

specific magnetization

1 erg/(G·g) = 1 emu/g

1 A·m

/kg

magnetic dipole

moment

1 erg/G = 1 emu

Wb·m

magnetic polarization

1 erg/(G·cm

) = 1 emu/cm

susceptibility

mass susceptibility

1 cm

/kg

permeability

H/m

= 4

Wb/(A·m)

relative permeability

w, W

energy density

1 erg/cm

J/m

N, D

demagnetizing factor

1/(4

)No vertical lines in table. Statements that serve as captions for the entire table do not need footnote letters. aGaussian units are the same as cgs emu for magnetostatics; Mx = maxwell, G = gauss, Oe = oersted; Wb = weber, V = volt, s = second, T = tesla, m = meter, A = ampere, J = joule, kg = kilogram, H = henry.Copyright FormAn IEEE copyright form should accompany your final submission. You can get a .pdf, .html, or .doc version at http://www.ieee.org/copyright or from the first issues in each volume of the IEEE T

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ATHIf you are using

Word, use either the Microsoft Equation Editor or the

MathType add-on (http://www.mathtype.com) for equations in your paper (Insert | Object | Create New | Microsoft Equation

or MathType Equation). “Float over text” should

not be selected.

UnitsUse either SI (MKS) or CGS as primary units. (SI units are strongly encouraged.) English units may be used as secondary units (in parentheses).

This applies to papers in data storage. For example, write “15 Gb/cm2 (100 Gb/in2).” An exception is when English units are used as identifiers in trade, such as “3½ in disk drive.” Avoid combining SI and CGS units, such as current in amperes and magnetic field in oersteds. This often leads to confusion because equations do not balance dimensionally. If you must use mixed units, clearly state the units for each quantity in an equation.The SI unit for magnetic field strength

H is A/m. However, if you wish to use units of T, either refer to magnetic flux density

B or magnetic field strength symbolized as µ0

H. Use the center dot to separate compound units, e.g., “A·m2.”

Helpful Hints

Figures and Tables

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Magnetization as a function of applied field. Note that “Fig.” is abbreviated. There is a period after the figure number, followed by two spaces. It is good practice to explain the significance of the figure in the caption. Because IEEE will do the final formatting of your paper, you do not need to position figures and tables at the top and bottom of each column. In fact, all figures, figure captions, and tables can be at the end of the paper. Large figures and tables may span both columns. Place figure captions below the figures; place table titles above the tables. If your figure has two parts, include the labels “(a)” and “(b)” as part of the artwork. Please verify that the figures and tables you mention in the text actually exist.

Please do not include captions as part of the figures. Do not put captions in “text boxes” linked to the figures. Do not put borders around the outside of your figures. Use the abbreviation “Fig.” even at the beginning of a sentence. Do not abbreviate “Table.” Tables are numbered with Roman numerals. Color printing of figures is available, but is billed to the authors (approximately $1300, depending on the number of figures and number of pages containing color). Include a note with your final paper indicating that you request color printing.

Do not use color unless it is necessary for the proper interpretation of your figures. If you want reprints of your color article, the reprint order should be submitted promptly. There is an additional charge of $81 per 100 for color reprints.Figure axis labels are often a source of confusion. Use words rather than symbols. As an example, write the quantity “Magnetization,” or “Magnetization

M,” not just “

M.” Put units in parentheses. Do not label axes only with units. As in Fig. 1, for example, write “Magnetization (A/m)” or “Magnetization (AH4sIAAAAAAACC7t+9tgsBjBYwHCAgYETxCqMYwQxmDuAbCYGIbAsKxBzMoFYLCBRRkawCCPT//// wSJ6jBJgEUMmRqhqbiaYPh6mA0DTQeaosfEzSDH8B2liEADyDwBZykA6AYgfg/RA1fAw+CaWZIRU FqSC1IFU/mZi+A9x5wSQBUwsTAwCwZW5Sfk5EBfpAkU5gLQR1wIGAwaQkusMXFDTuMA2MoJ1Q8wS gXiUYQ/YjYxMTErBlcUlqbkMeRCzGMFmfgBqYWYgBgAAmYZWCUYBAAA= m1),” not just “A/m.” Do not label axes with a ratio of quantities and units. For example, write “Temperature (K),” not “Temperature/K.” Multipliers can be especially confusing. Write “Magnetization (kA/m)” or “Magnetization (103 A/m).” Do not write “Magnetization (A/m) 1000” because the reader would not know whether the top axis label in Fig. 1 meant 16000 A/m or 0.016 A/m. Figure labels should be legible, approximately 8 to 12 point type.

ReferencesNumber citations consecutively in square brackets [1]. The sentence punctuation follows the brackets [2]. Multiple references [2], [3] are each numbered with separate brackets [1]–[3]. When citing a section in a book, please give the relevant page numbers [2]. In sentences, refer simply to the reference number, as in [3]. Do not use “Ref. [3]” or “reference [3]” except at the beginning of a sentence: “Reference [3] shows ... .” Unfortunately the IEEE document translator cannot handle automatic endnotes in

Word; therefore, type the reference list at the end of the paper using the “References” style.Number footnotes separately in superscripts (Insert | Footnote).It is recommended that footnotes be avoided (except for the unnumbered footnote with the receipt date on the first page). Instead, try to integrate the footnote information into the text. Place the actual footnote at the bottom of the column in which it is cited; do not put footnotes in the reference list (endnotes). Use letters for table footnotes (see Table I). Please note that the references at the end of this document are in the preferred referencing style. Give all authors’ names; do not use “

et al.” unless there are six authors or more. Use a space after authors' initials. Papers that have not been published should be cited as “unpublished” [4]. Papers that have been submitted or accepted for publication should be cited as “submitted for publication” [5]. Please give affiliations and addresses for personal communications [6].Capitalize only the first word in a paper title, except for proper nouns and element symbols. If you are short of space, you may omit paper titles. However, paper titles are helpful to your readers and are strongly recommended. For papers published in translation journals, please give the English citation first, followed by the original foreign-language citation [7].

Abbreviations and AcronymsDefine abbreviations and acronyms the first time they are used in the text, even after they have already been defined in the abstract. Abbreviations such as IEEE, SI, ac, and dc do not have to be defined. Abbreviations that incorporate periods should not have spaces: write “C.N.R.S.,” not “C. N. R. S.” Do not use abbreviations in the title unless they are unavoidable (for example, “IEEE” in the title of this article).

EquationsNumber equations consecutively with equation numbers in parentheses flush with the right margin, as in (1). First use the equation editor to create the equation. Then select the “Equation” markup style. Press the tab key and write the equation number in parentheses. To make your equations more compact, you may use the solidus ( / ), the exp function, or appropriate exponents. Use parentheses to avoid ambiguities in denominators. Punctuate equations when they are part of a sentence, as inH4sIAAAAAAACC5WVTWgTQRSA38z+pPlps+ZnbWINwYMaMNUWFbQIeqmi6MHWS1Ww0oCVri1NqEYK VujJU2+ip0IrKgi5WrBYPHjTi0gRRHLx5MWI4EF0nTezGWeaHpKFYd8372fevnkzu/nu7WPgTz0H IQij1DhNUDCOGwAU0lxrsRGmKJlsUEL4DKG+7/OZftLLZwYoCayjtOkXoxCq5xJM2mvHIQs+OoHD eINJa2ws5wDWbOYT2MTg/Hjlxmh1pgSwRDCD33Thr8hzifAsKDijk16pnL9Qup2/OO2N3wK4j5kU mb6LvQcjNetSDo37Jb/chVyQfCSDvF/yT1fXn0rp+n2Orn8dR56XPBzV+XmX8A8HPG+zkkLpzkxg 4dJGAstUuNrkp3yFQanPOmoGLq3wFQ9KfhRDviz5o61m6NJzFvKB//FMEU/UNO+3W1PCd/m7rG3c XulFp0OSx1w187i9nkQeCNiwcgmVF+2Hpuo/R8cSOq/2qPG+0V8g9CLza3773SAyJ0GkArlHRGRn S1+xWYqRRqre9ekpJm/75TWruBv9pyS/yej8PqXzZ0fnTERll87tQPYkm93IZcl93P6m5HVLcLo1 /44qUbO8PvSZkPw1izwr+dNO5LOSG2ldbyZ1/QLfs7uSv0RVdulQj+rv0ithdX2XPgvhaZiYbfIL U7cPGcjDLd1LOu7eM/wmmJScjOu8ElNr3oCjRGTitJ6bbXpma6UNa5XvcTHgB+YH/mVPWnoQ2uzB 0W41Xs0aCut8mFdqU1Zuke/EiWC9jT+d5X/MrvN4PwJepidBcCS4sSP8VueHMVgjJX4m8Ir/Bwil e0aq5UrJE7HVbzKgnecfPkDH6qoGAAA= (1)Be sure that the symbols in your equation have been defined before the equation appears or immediately following. Italicize symbols (

T might refer to temperature, but T is the unit tesla). Refer to “(1),” not “Eq. (1)” or “equation (1),” except at the beginning of a sentence: “Equation (1) is ... .”

Other RecommendationsUse one space after periods and colons. Hyphenate complex modifiers: “zero-field-cooled magnetization.” Avoid dangling participles, such as, “Using (1), the potential was calculated.” [It is not clear who or what used (1).] Write instead, “The potential was calculated by using (1),” or “Using (1), we calculated the potential.”Use a zero before decimal points: “0.25,” not “.25.” Use “cm3,” not “cc.” Indicate sample dimensions as “0.1 cm 0.2 cm,” not “0.1 0.2 cm2.” The abbreviation for “seconds” is “s,” not “sec.” Do not mix complete spellings and abbreviations of units: use “Wb/m2” or “webers per square meter,” not “webers/m2.” When expressing a range of values, write “7 to 9” or “7-9,” not “7~9.”A parenthetical statement at the end of a sentence is punctuated outside of the closing parenthesis (like this). (A parenthetical sentence is punctuated within the parentheses.) In American English, periods and commas are within quotation marks, like “this period.” Other punctuation is “outside”! Avoid contractions; for example, write “do not” instead of “don’t.” The serial comma is preferred: “A, B, and C” instead of “A, B and C.”If you wish, you may write in the first person singular or plural and use the active voice (“I observed that ...” or “We observed that ...” instead of “It was observed that ...”). Remember to check spelling. If your native language is not English, please get a native English-speaking colleague to proofread your paper.

Some Common MistakesThe word “data” is plural, not singular. The subscript for the permeability of vacuum µ0 is zero, not a lowercase letter “o.” The term for residual magnetization is “remanence”; the adjective is “remanent”; do not write “remnance” or “remnant.” Use the word “micrometer” instead of “micron.” A graph within a graph is an “inset,” not an “insert.” The word “alternatively” is preferred to the word “alternately” (unless you really mean something that alternates). Use the word “whereas” instead of “while” (unless you are referring to simultaneous events). Do not use the word “essentially” to mean “approximately” or “effectively.” Do not use the word “issue” as a euphemism for “problem.” When compositions are not specified, separate chemical symbols by en-dashes; for example, “NiMn” indicates the intermetallic compound Ni0.5Mn0.5 whereas “Ni–Mn” indicates an alloy of some composition NixMn1-x.Be aware of the different meanings of the homophones “affect” (usually a verb) and “effect” (usually a noun), “complement” and “compliment,” “discreet” and “discrete,” “principal” (e.g., “principal investigator”) and “principle” (e.g., “principle of measurement”). Do not confuse “imply” and “infer.” Prefixes such as “non,” “sub,” “micro,” “multi,” and “"ultra” are not independent words; they should be joined to the words they modify, usually without a hyphen. There is no period after the “et” in the Latin abbreviation “

et al.” (it is also italicized). The abbreviation “i.e.,” means “that is,” and the abbreviation “e.g.,” means “for example” (these abbreviations are not italicized).An excellent style manual and source of information for science writers is [8]. A general IEEE style guide,

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