Wednesday, December 24, 2008

Open Source Intelligence Job

The Office of National Assessments (ONA), the Australian Prime Minister's intelligence agency, is advertising for a Director of their Open Source Branch.
Open source intelligence is based on publicly available information, rather than finding out secrets and has come to prominence with the Internet. The ONA OS Branch uses the Internet to disseminate intelligence reports, as well collect information. There is a
password protected section on the ONA web site, to provide reports to Australian and allied government agencies.

ONA is seeking a highly motivated and skilled individual to coordinate the collection and research activities of the Open Source Branch. The successful candidate will have demonstrated management and coordination experience, well developed interpersonal skills and strong analytical skills. Proficiency in Indonesian language will also be highly regarded. ...

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Tuesday, December 23, 2008

Australian Government's Multiple Human Resources Systems

Airservices Australia have issued a Request for Tender for an "Online Recruitment Management System" (ASA - PRN530, 22-Dec-2008). Unfortunately, this is essentially the same system which three other agencies have already tendered for:

  1. IP Australia, 8 May 2008 (IPAC2008/11476)
  2. Australian Bureau of Statistics, 7-Mar-2008 (ABS076).
  3. Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy, 30-Apr-2008 (DCON/08/10)
These systems are for the recruitment of staff for the same organisation, the Australian Public Service, so it seems unnecessary to have more than one system to do it. Such rationalisation was supposed to be addressed in Peter Gershon's: Review of Australian Government's Use of Information and Communication Technology. Apart from the waste of resources, the multiple systems will generate more greenhouse gas pollution that a coordinated approach would.

Online Recruitment Management System

ATM ID ASA - PRN530
Agency Airservices Australia
Category 43231505 - Human resources software
Close Date & Time 16-Feb-2009 2:00 pm (ACT Local time)
Show close time for other time zones
Publish Date 22-Dec-2008
Location

ACT, NSW, VIC, SA, WA, QLD, NT, TAS

ATM Type Request for Tender

Go to ATM Documents

Description Airservices Australia is seeking tender responses for an Online Requirement Management System. Airservices Australia intends to use this RFT to identify organisations that are interested in and capable of supplying an Online Requirement Management System.
Conditions for Participation Please refer to the RFT documentation
Timeframe for Delivery 2009 ...


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Saturday, December 20, 2008

Audit of Australian transport, water, energy and communications infrastructure

The Australian Government released an a preliminary audit of national transport, water, energy and communications infrastructure and 94 proposals to upgrade it. The priorities are: broadband, energy grid, ports and land transport to them, rail freight, protecting water supplies from climate change, public transport in cities and services to Indigenous communities. This includes a proposal for a Very Fast Train from Sydney to Melbourne via Canberra at a cost of $32b to $59b. There are also public-private partnership guidelines.

Confusingly the report is entitled "A Report to the Council of Australian Governments" (4.4Mbytes of PDF). Also when the "reflow" function is used to make the document more readable the text appears to become scrambled, indicating the document was not correctly formatted.

This follows a previous announcement of $4.7b of projects "Nation Building: Rail, Road, Education & Research and Business", 12 December 2008. That announcement included several rail upgrades.

Available are:
  1. Audit of the Nation's Infrastructure Released, Joint Media Statement, The Hon Anthony Albanese MP, Minister for Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Local Government and Sir Rod Eddington, Chair of Infrastructure Australia, AA205/2008, 19 December 2008
  2. A Report to the Council of Australian Governments, Infrastructure Australia, December 2008

Executive summary
Infrastructure Australia aims to drive the development of a long term and coordinated national approach to nationally significant infrastructure that contributes to Australia. Infrastructure Australia has adopted a new national approach to infrastructure decision making to improve the quality and efficiency of transport, water, energy and communications infrastructure across the nation. The intention is to boost national productivity, drive a more diverse, competitive and sustainable economy, and generate substantial and lasting economic, social and environmental benefits for Australians. The new national approach to decision making uses a robust framework. Infrastructure Australia has established a 7 step process to outline the stages and rationale to clearly and objectively articulate the 'problem' to identify and assess various options or 'solutions'. Infrastructure Australia has rigorously applied this framework. It has encouraged the public, industry and governments, through the Discussion Paper: Australia's Future Infrastructure Requirements, to provide input regarding problems and potential solutions of national significance. As a result of the information gathered from the 600 received submissions and Infrastructure Australia's own analysis, a number of infrastructure challenges have been identified.
These challenges can be divided into two areas: Nationwide challenges Location specific challenges. Part 2 of this report discusses the nationwide challenges being:

1. Deliver better governance: inefficiencies and inconsistencies in governance adversely impact infrastructure operations and investment in Australia.

2. Create competitive markets: regulatory complexity and competitive anomalies impede the operation of efficient and competitive infrastructure markets , including the development of a nationwide world-class communications network.

3. One nation, one set of rules: inconsistent rules, legislation and regulations governing markets impede productivity and create unnecessary costs.

4. Better use of existing infrastructure: changes in the operation, pricing or utilisation of existing infrastructure to solve problems without the need for investment in additional capacity.

5. Climate change: in addition to requiring a shift to a low carbon economy, climate change is increasing the demand for improved infrastructure, such as efficient public transport systems and low carbon intensive methods of power generation.

Part 3 of this report discusses the location specific challenges being:

6. Supporting our cities: improving the liveability, sustainability and productivity of Australia's major cities.

7. Boosting exports: Increasing the productivity of Australia's international gateways, making sure that they can meet the rapidly growing freight task without adverse impacts on community amenity.

8. Supporting indigenous communities: improving infrastructure in remote and regional indigenous communities, and closing the gap in essential infrastructure and services between these and non.indigenous communities.

9. Supporting rural communities: improving the quality of life and economic prosperity in rural and regional communities.

To meet these challenges, Infrastructure Australia has identified themes that steer a course for solutions to meet the gaps, deficiencies and bottlenecks in our nation's infrastructure. These themes are:

1. A national broadband network: developing a more extensive, globally competitive broadband system;

2. Creation of a true national energy market: more extensive national energy grids to enable greater flexibility and competition in the nation's electricity and gas systems, whilst creating opportunities for the development of renewable energy sources;

3. Competitive international gateways: developing more effective ports and associated land transport systems to more efficiently cope with imports and exports;

4. A national rail freight network: development of our rail networks so that more freight can be moved by rail;

5. Adaptable and secure water supplies: more adaptable and resilient water systems to cope with climate change;

6. Transforming our cities: increasing public transport capacity in our cities and making better use of existing transport infrastructure; and

7. Providing essential indigenous services: improved services for Indigenous communities. Infrastructure Australia will continue to work on developing a program of solutions that addresses the themes mentioned above, and that might ultimately form part of a larger 'pipeline' of nationally significant infrastructure projects to secure Australia's future prosperity. ...

4.2 Infrastructure proposals for prioritisation
Table 5: Projects for further analysis ...

Freight Rail
Adelaide Urban freight – Goldwood and Torres Junctions Adelaide SA $415m
East-West Rail freight corridor VIC/SA/WA ARTC $554m
Gippsland Coal Industries transport Infrastructure Vic VIC $NA
Hunter Valley Corridor Rail Strategy NSW ARTC $1.68b
Mount Isa Rail Corridor Upgrades Mt Isa to Townsville QLD $1b
North-South Rail freight corridor VIC/NSW/QLD ARTC $7.2b
Northern Sydney Rail Freight Corridor NSW NSW $4.075b
Newcastle-Dubbo Rail Freight link NSW DoITARS $24m

Urban Rail / Bus or Urban Rail / Road
Brisbane Inner City Rail Capacity Upgrade Brisbane QLD $14b
CBD Metro Sydney NSW $4.8b
Extension of Passenger Rail Services to Seaford Adelaide SA $456m
Geelong Growth Package Geelong VIC $94.6m
Gold Coast Rapid Transport Gold Coast QLD $850m
Light Rail for the ACT Canberra ACT $2.95b
Melton Duplication and Electrification to Bacchus Marsh Melbourne VIC $NA
Northbridge rail cutting link Perth WA $263m
Regional Rail Express Line Melbourne VIC $3.8b
East-West rail Tunnel Melbourne VIC $3.5b
Southern Cross Platform 15 & 16 Activation Melbourne VIC $155m
West Metro Sydney NSW $8.1b
Gawler Rail line re-sleepering and electrification (formerly Adelaide’s Future

Public Transport Network) Adelaide SA $2.19b
North-South Corridor – Darlington Transport Project Adelaide SA $750m
Eastern Busway (Stage 2) Brisbane QLD $680m
Eastern Busway (Stage 3) Brisbane QLD $140m
Darra to Ipswich Transport Corridor Brisbane/Ipswich QLD $3.8b
Very Fast Train (VFT) VIC/ACT/NSW ACT $32-59b
Abbot Point and State Development Area bypass Bowen QLD $400m

Freight Road
Donnybrook Intermodal Hub Melbourne VIC $290m
Freight Road Expanded Higher Mass Limits Central Queensland QLD $750m
Frankford – Birralee – Batman freight corridor Frankford TAS $160m
Green Triangle Project – Freight Network and Rail/Port Connections South western

Vic and South eastern SA VIC $390m
Green Triangle Project South western Vic and South eastern SA SA $136m
Improved Access for Higher Prod. Freight Vehicles Parts of SA SA $385m
Peak Downs Highway Heavy Vehicles Route Mackay to Bowen QLD $315m
Picton Road Illawarra Region Illawarra Development Council $135m
Port of Brisbane Motorway Brisbane QLD $730m
Port of Mackay Multi-Modal Access Road Mackay QLD $300m
Toowoomba Bypass Toowoomba QLD $1.341b
West Coast Freight Analysis West Tasmania TAS $NA
Parts of transport system in Tasmania Parts of Tasmania TAS $432m

Urban Road
Alternative to West Gate – Road Tunnel, Melbourne VIC $3.5b
Geelong Road to Port of Melbourne Kingsford Smith Drive Brisbane City

Brisbane $570.6m
(Brisbane City to Australia TradeCoast) Council Brisbane City Eastern Brisbane

Suburbs Roads Brisbane $482.1m
Council North East Connector Road Melbourne VIC $2.1b F3 – M2 Link Sydney NSW

$4.75b
Gateway Upgrade North: Nudgee Road Brisbane QLD $1.8b
interchange to the Bruce Highway Gateway Upgrade South: Brisbane QLD $1.1b
Mt Gravatt Capalaba to Pacific Motorway Melbourne Grade Separations Melbourne VIC

$327m
M4 Extension Sydney NSW $5.7b stage 1 $4b
stage 2 M5 Expansion including surface road links Sydney NSW $2b
Majura Parkway (Stage 2) Canberra ACT $250m
Mornington Peninsula Connector Road Melbourne VIC $700m
Northern Link road tunnel Brisbane Brisbane City Council $2b
Northern Connector (North-South Corridor) Adelaide SA $2.2b
Sir Donald Bradman Drive Upgrade – access to Adelaide Airport Adelaide SA $48.8m
Perth Airport Transport Links Perth WA $525m
South West Brisbane Industrial Gateway roads Brisbane Brisbane City Council $327.6m

Road Other transport initiatives
Advanced Train Management System National ARTC $518m
Increased road maintenance for regional freight networks Parts of SA SA $65m
Regional Road Maintenance
Brooker Highway Tasmania TAS $56m
Bruce Highway Upgrade (Brisbane to Cairns) East coast QLD QLD $4.310b
Bruce Highway Upgrade (Cooroy to Curra) Gympie QLD $6.3b F3 to Branxton Link Lower Hunter NSW $1.1727b
Pacific Highway Upgrades north coast NSW NSW $6.67b
Princes Highway Upgrades south coast NSW NSW $1.03b
NT Development Roads Parts of NT NT $1.655m
Mt Barker Bald Hill Road interchange (SA) Mt Barker $25m
Council King Street (Glenelg – Holdfast Bay) Holdfast Bay Adelaide $7.2m
bridge replacement
Council Fully Controlled Motorways Brisbane QLD $570m
Hoskinstown to Fyshwick Looping ACT ACT $92m

Water
Darwin Water capacity and consumption Darwin NT $240m
Regional Water Reform Initiatives Parts of NSW NSW $95m initially
plus $1.3b over 10 years
Adelaide’s long term water security (Desal) Adelaide SA $2.477b

Communications
Fibre optic cable from SA to Darwin SA/NT NT $70m
Extending broadband to NT remote communities Parts of NT NT $200m
VicFibre Link Parts of Vic VIC $57.4m

Ports/Airports
Abbot Point multi-purpose harbour Abbot Point QLD $1.75b
Bell Bay Port Bell Bay TAS $150m
Darwin Airport – terminal and apron expansion Darwin Darwin Airport $30m
Pilbara Power Pilbara Worley Parsons $1.15b
ACT Solar ACT ACT $119m
Southern energy supply ACT ACT $28.2m
Aboriginal Community Water Supply and Parts of NSW NSW $30m

Sewerage capital works program
Pilbara housing and indigenous infrastructure Parts of WA WA $2.101b
Broadbanding SA regions Parts of SA SA $41.8m

Indigenous/ Housing
NT indigenous Essential Services Requirements Parts of NT NT $40.4m
Remote road and indigenous employment program Parts of QLD QLD $46.5m
Port of Hastings Hastings VIC $58.8m
Darwin Port Darwin NT $292-363m
Oakajee Port and common use infrastructure Geraldton WA $3.5b
Cotter Dam upgrade ACT ACT $119m
Ord River expansion WA WA $391m
Murrumbidgee Googong water transfer ACT ACT $70m
Health Capital Projects ACT ACT $1b

From: A Report to the Council of Australian Governments, Infrastructure Australia, December 2008

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Friday, December 19, 2008

Audit of Government Websites

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Saturday, December 13, 2008

Stop the clean feed - Canberra rally

Stop the clean feed - Canberra rallyThere were about 100 people at the "Stop the clean feed" rally in Canberra today. This was to protest against plans from the Minister for Broadband for compulsory filtering of web content in Australia. The impetus seems to come from the Minister and enthusiasm for it does not seem to be widely shared by government members. About ten years ago I prepared the Australian Computer Society's position on Internet censorship and was invited to explain how the Internet worked to the Senate: "The Australian Computer Society today said the Federal Government should resist pressure to censor material available through on-line services. ...".

For more details:

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Framework for the collaborative development and use of broadband in Australia

The Online and Communications Council, a meeting of Australian local, state and federal governments in Melbourne 12 December 2008, has issued an Online and Communications Council Communiqué outlining a "Framework for the collaborative development and use of broadband in Australia" and some dubious proposals on the use of smart cards.

The framework is a 4 page, 415 kbyte PDF document, two pages of which are taken up with decorative graphics. At more than 200kbytes per page of content the document will consume ten times the network bandwidth it needs to and will produce ten times the greenhouse gas pollution. This runs counter to one of the stated of the framework which is to: "Extending the environmental benefits of broadband by promoting green ICT policies and smart building applications." Here is the text of the document, in 9kbytes of HTML:

Framework for the collaborative development and use of broadband in Australia

online and communications council

We, the members of the Online and Communications Council, express our commitment to this Framework as a basis to work together to enhance the development and effective use of broadband in Australia.

We agree that promoting the development and effective use of broadband will enhance Australia's economic performance and environmental and
social wellbeing.

Australia should aspire to become one of the world's leading digital economies. We intend to work together to facilitate this outcome.

We share a vision of a cohesive national approach to stimulate and strengthen economic, environmental and social outcomes, through the development and effective use of broadband, for all Australians.

Overview

The Online and Communications Council (the Council) was established by the Council of Australian Governments in 1997 as the peak ministerial forum for consultation on, and coordination of, information and communications matters of national strategic importance across all governments.

A key task of the Council is to propose strategic priority areas for online and communications policy and program development. In May 2008, the Council agreed that a Framework for the collaborative development and use of broadband in Australia was an important step forward.

Australia's development will require world-class communications infrastructure and services. Similarly, high-speed broadband access is critical to achieve business competitiveness, social networking and the promotion of social inclusion, and the delivery of public and private sector services. This Framework reinforces the need for the collaborative development and effective use of broadband.

Principles

Four key principles guide this Framework:
  1. Australian governments recognise the importance of being world-class in the deployment and use of broadband as the basis for domestic and international competitiveness.
  2. All Australians should have equitable access to high-speed broadband, and the social and economic benefits this capability brings.
  3. Broadband and the digital economy should be driven by a pro-competitive environment that advances the interests of users, promotes efficiency and choice, maximises flexibility, and fosters innovation in the development and application of broadband technologies.
  4. Each government jurisdiction has different roles, processes and responsibilities, and these different roles should be acknowledged, respected and utilised in a cohesive national approach to broadband development and use.

Roles

The Australian Government maintains responsibility for telecommunications services policy and the regulatory environment, which includes the roll-out and operation of the National Broadband Network. In performing this role, the Australian Government consults with other jurisdictions and the private sector as required.

The Australian Government continues to safeguard broadband opportunities for all Australians, particularly for those in remote areas, through the Australian Broadband Guarantee and other initiatives, where commercial investment does not achieve the required outcomes.

All governments can enhance government service delivery through innovative and effective use of broadband, including in health, education, emergency services and the environment.

All governments can foster inclusion and participation in the digital economy by addressing barriers to access and effective use, including by building confidence, trust and expertise.

All governments acknowledge the primary role of the private sector in delivering broadband investment, infrastructure and services, and in the collaborative development of technical standards and industry operating arrangements.

All governments also acknowledge that communities can have a major role in raising awareness and coordinating local initiatives to stimulate the deployment and effective use of broadband.

Priority Areas, Objectives and Strategies for Collaboration

The following priority areas, objectives and strategies have been identified for collaborative action:

Priority Area 1: Broadband availability

Objective: All Australians have access to high-speed broadband at equitable service levels and prices.

Strategies: We support the Australian Government initiative to establish the National Broadband Network to deliver high-speed broadband to 98% of Australian homes and businesses, and to provide comparable broadband services for those not covered by the National Broadband Network.

We agree to extend the benefits of the National Broadband Network and related initiatives by:
  • Continuing to develop better practice models for the provision of broadband infrastructure and services in regional, rural and remote areas.
  • Utilising the benefits of government purchasing and contract arrangements, where feasible, to optimise broadband availability.
  • Promoting consistent and cohesive planning guidelines for state and local government authorities, and effective infrastructure implementation, that facilitates the efficient deployment of broadband.
  • Encouraging open standards to ensure interoperability.
  • Encouraging open access to infrastructure to promote competition.
  • Extending the environmental benefits of broadband by promoting green ICT policies and smart building applications.
Priority Area 2: Broadband take-up

Objective: Australians are fully aware of the benefits of high-speed broadband, and are able to choose a broadband service that meets their needs.

Strategies: We agree to work towards:
  • Identifying and reducing social, cultural, economic, educational and other barriers that people face in becoming aware of the benefits of broadband and the internet.
  • Fostering programs and initiatives that promote the availability of affordable broadband.
  • Recognising and enabling the potential of broadband to provide enhanced services to people in regional, rural and remote communities, including Indigenous communities, and those with disabilities and special needs.
  • Building confidence among users, and strengthening the resilience and security of broadband infrastructure and applications through researching and addressing emerging security risks.

Priority Area 3: Broadband usage

Objective: Australians use high-speed broadband to improve economic, environmental and social wellbeing.

Strategies: We agree to work towards:
  • Supporting innovation and best practice in the development and use of broadband applications and services in the public and private sectors, including education, health and other services.
  • Improved government service delivery through world-class use of broadband and the internet.
  • Encouraging and supporting research to identify the economic and social benefits of high-speed broadband, to encourage further investment in such services.

Next Steps

  1. We will task the National Broadband Development Group to develop and implement an annual work plan, addressing the priority areas, objectives and strategies contained in this Framework, including developing a strategy for measuring progress of the priority areas.
  2. The National Broadband Development Group will report to the Council, through the Standing Committee, on the progress of its annual work plan.
  3. The Framework and the National Broadband Development Group's work plan will be reviewed regularly, and updated as necessary, to reflect changed needs of the Australian community, and further developments in broadband services and the digital economy.

Contact Manager

Online and Communications Council Secretariat
Department of Broadband, Communications
and the Digital Economy
GPO Box 2154
Canberra ACT 2601
(02) 6271 1000
occ@occ.gov.au
www.occ.gov.au

From: Framework for the collaborative development and use of broadband in Australia", Online and Communications Council, 12 December 2008

Connected Government

As well as the broadband framework, the meeting endorsed five frameworks and a strategy:
  1. National Smartcard Framework: verifying the identity of users and the authenticity of transactions
  2. National e-Authentication Framework: the exchange of reliable name and address information
  3. National Address Management Framework: developing standards for using new technologies where standards do not already exist
  4. National Standards Framework: provision of standard approaches for government to publish and license information products
  5. National Government Information Licensing Framework In Principle Agreement
  6. National Government Information Sharing Strategy.
Contrary to the text of the announcement which talks about contributing to "business'/citizens' confidence, trust and assurance in easy to use government services", some of these sound like big brother, big government projects which will limit citizens freedom and restrict business. The federal and state governments have a poor record in with smart card projects. The federal, NSW and Victorian state governments have each had failed smart card projects, which wasted hundreds of millions of dollars.

No details are given of how the government propose to undertake these projects. The governments cannot be given the benefit of the doubt. On past experience it has to be assumed that these projects will fail, wasting billions of dollars, unless evidence is given of how these projects will be done differently from past failures.

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Wednesday, November 26, 2008

Canadian expert tells Australia to Cancel Broadband tenders

Greetings from the "Symposium of Sustainability of the Internet and ICT" in Melbourne. Bill St. Arnaud from Canarie opened the event on Tuesday, by video link from Canada. He strongly asserted that VDSL was an energy inefficient interim technology and that the Australian Government should not invest in it.

Tenders for the National Broadband Network (NBN) close today, so I asked Bill if he was talking in generalities: was he really saying the Australian Government's current NBN process should be abandoned? He said "yes".

Bill, and some of the people at the ARC Centre for Ultra-Broadband Information Networks, where the symposium is being held, believe that fibre to the home is feasible, even in rural areas and a better long term investment than ADSL. I am not sure if this is affordable at present, but it might not be a good idea to roll out large amount of ADSL in Australia right now.

I therefore suggest that Australian Government cancel the current tender process for broadband. They should reformulate the process to take into account energy use and greenhouse gas emissions issues. At the same time they might take the opportunity to divide the project into several smaller, more targeted projects. The government could target priority areas, such as broadband for schools and priority rural users, for early adoption. The issue of higher speed broadband for urban areas, which are already serviced by ADSL, could be left until it is clear fibre to the home is affordable, or other technology options are available.

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Monday, November 17, 2008

Web 2.0 in Government, Canberra, 27 November 2008

The November Canberra WIPA/WSG meeting is on the topic of Web 2.0 and the Australian Government:
When: Thursday, 27 November 2008 Time: 2.30 pm - 4.50 pm
Where: NLA Theatre, lower ground floor, National Library of Australia, Parkes Place, Parkes, ACT 2600
Cost: Free
RSVP: Essential for catering

First presentation: Matthew Hodgson, SMS Management & Technology Topic 1: Government 2.0 - trends and adoption strategies

With AGIMO soon to release Web 2.0 guidelines for the Federal Government what impact will this have on the way agencies are likely to conduct their online operations? What role will government play in a Web 2.0 environment?

Matthew will look at examples from around Australia and the rest of the world in how governments are starting interact with citizens in online environments. He will draw from his recent experience with a government department in planning and scoping a web 2.0-style project to show how easy it is to move into a government 2.0 world.

Matthew Hodgson is the Regional lead for Web and Information Management at SMS Management & Technology in Canberra. He has 15 years experience in eGovernment, information architecture, information management and knowledge management, working with the government and commercial sector to deliver innovative solutions to difficult web problems. Matthew has published papers in the areas of social psychology, has lectured at the University of Canberra on social computing, and has quickly gained a reputation as one of the most engaging speakers on information architecture, social change, communication and knowledge sharing in Australia.

Matthew blogs at Matt's Musings and is a contributing author at The AppGap

Second presentation: Stephen Zafir, Stamford Interactive
Topic 2: Web 2.0 in Government - Buzzwords and Opportunities

Whilst Web 2.0 offers new possibilities in the ways that government can engage with its users, much of the thinking around this is enshrined in terms of existing brands and models.

Stephen will take a look at some of the basic components of this change and how these can be applied to the requirements and opportunities of the government space online.

Since thinking of using cards to reorganise Melbourne Airport's website in 1996, Stephen has worked at the forefront of interaction design in the UK Germany and the USA. With a focus on innovation and humanising digital experiences, major global players such as British Telecom, Yahoo and Siemens have entrusted Stephen with design leadership on a range of key products and future design initiatives.

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Monday, November 10, 2008

Assessment of Australian Broadband Guarantee

The Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy has issued a Request for Tender for a Technical consultancy and quality-of-service assessment of Australian Broadband Guarantee (ABG) services provided by registered Internet Service Providers (ISPs). The previous federal government had a program to provide subsidies for broadband access in regional areas. It will be interesting to see what the assessment of the suggest of the project is. This is a critical time for govenrment broadband policy, with the tenders to implement the new federal government's broadband policy due soon.

There is a detailed 61 page document for the tender (DCON/08/88, 7 November 2008):

Overview

Through the Australian Broadband Guarantee (ABG) program, the Government facilitates access by all Australians to metro-comparable broadband services. The Department manages the ABG program, including its predecessor programs (HiBIS, Broadband Connect and Metro Broadband Connect), on behalf of the Government. The Government confirmed its support for the ABG program with the announcement on 16 May 2008 of a four-year funding allocation of $270.7 million. The new program commenced on 4 August 2008.

The ABG is designed to complement the National Broadband Network by targeting eligible residences in areas with no access to commercial broadband services.

In support of the ABG program, the Department requires the services of a technical consultant to provide technical assessments and reports on the service level compliance of registered Internet Service Providers (ISPs), in accordance with the requirements under the ABG Guidelines.

Under the ABG guidelines, all registered ISPs are required to offer at least one ‘threshold service’ with a data speed of at least 512/128 kbps. They must also offer at least one ‘added value’ service with a speed of at least 1024/256 Kbps and a data usage allowance of at least 5GB per month (with no restrictions on the types of downloads or uploads or times of usage i.e. peak/off peak limitations) for each Service Solution registered. Providers are also required to meet certain standards in relation to installation, the functionality of customer premises equipment (CPE), customer support, billing and excess data usage. It is expected that the consultant will provide the technical expertise that enables the Department to better understand the quality of broadband service received by an ABG customer.



Services required

Services

The Department is seeking to engage the services of a consultant, with proven experience in technical measurement of higher bandwidth services across a range of broadband technology platforms such as xDSL, wireless, satellite and other wireline broadband systems, to provide technical services and advice on the service-level compliance of ISPs registered under the ABG program. The consultant will be responsible for providing reliable reports that supplement the Department’s goal of understanding an end-user’s broadband experience under the ABG program through an assessment of various service delivery elements ...

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Wednesday, November 05, 2008

Australian Government 2.0

In May 2008 the Minister for Finance and Deregulation, Lindsay Tanner, talked about applying Web 2.0 to government processes in a "Keynote Address to the e-Government Forum". He is more recently reported to have said the government would trial online public consultation through web 2.0 technology ("Tanner eyes web 2.0 tools", Karen Dearne, The Australian, November 04, 2008). AGIMO, which is in the Minister's portfolio, released a report on this in June:
The convergence of broadband and Web 2.0 technologies is transforming the way people use the internet to communicate and interact. As people embrace the interactive internet they expect to be able to interact with the Australian Government (the Government) using these new technologies. The increasing use of information and communication technology (ICT) to enhance government service delivery provides opportunities for agencies to engage and involve citizens and communities in new ways.

While traditional ways of engaging will continue, agencies are exploring online approaches for involving the community. To assist development in this area, the Australian Government Information Management Office (AGIMO), a business group of the Department of Finance and Deregulation, conducted a public consultation on the proposed development and functionality of an Australian Government Consultation Blog.

The consultation sought the public's view on online consultations and aimed to identify the public's reaction to the concept of online consultation and whether people were interested in participating in such consultations. It also explored the motivational factors for participation and asked the public about general expectations of online consultations with government.

The consultation was conducted in three phases; a public discussion paper, focus groups and an online survey. The consultation was also discussed in popular Australian blogs.

In all three phases of the consultation there was overwhelming support for the concept of a Government consultation blog and discussion forum. Respondents expected that online consultations should form a part of the Government's policy consultation process. However, when it came to actually participating in a Government forum, there was evidence to suggest that people who are not already engaged in online and political discussions would not actually participate. Respondents who had a positive interest in an Australian Government consultation forum indicated they would read and contribute to a blog.

Respondents provided a range of opinions on registration, moderation, the functionality of an online consultation website and privacy and security. The topic of moderation attracted the most debate amongst respondents. While the principle of automatically scanning comments for offensive language, and removing it automatically, was supported by the majority of respondents, many respondents rejected attempts to censor fringe but substantive opinions, however they were expressed. Respondents were enthusiastic about real time 'web chats' with Ministers, where people could pose questions and see them answered online. The idea of direct and immediate interaction with the top decision makers was of high importance to respondents.

Generally the public consultation indicated support for the development of a government online consultation web space that includes blogs, online discussion forums and details of public consultations. The findings suggested ways that the Government could encourage the public's participation in online consultations. Respondents said they would be more likely to participate in government consultations if:
  • the discussion topic were relevant to their personal circumstances;
  • they had the opportunity to nominate the topics for discussion;
  • discussion forums included the participation of Government officials;
  • a range of registration options were available;
  • the site was well designed, easy to find and use;
  • participants were free to express their opinion without censorship; and
  • it were unbiased in its operation.
Recommendations

ONE: To foster greater citizen participation in government policy making, the Australian Government should consider establishing an Australian Government online consultation forum, to complement existing forms of community consultation. It should:
  • be accessible from a single online entry point - www.australia.gov.au; and
  • progress in a phased approach with a few initiatives as a trial of the proposed functionality and to test and address some of the issues around registrations, participation and moderation.
TWO: Following an initial trial period, the Australian Government consultation forum should evaluate citizen and government participation and usage and, if appropriate, consider progressing to an interactive consultation forum. The interactive forum should:
  • include a range of consultation mechanisms like blogs to generate ideas to inform the shaping of public policy and discussion forums to generate discussion around specific topics;
  • include the ability for users to suggest topics for discussion;
  • be easy to find and use and be comparable, in functionality, to existing online forums;
  • include mechanisms that acknowledge contributions, allow users to rate other comments and provide email alerts of upcoming consultations;
  • include policies for acceptable use, registration, participation, privacy and moderation guidelines; and
  • include a feedback and evaluation section for users, both the community and government, to allow users to shape the site and for the continued improvement of the consultation forum. ...
From: Executive Summary, Consulting with Government - online, Australian Government Information Management Office, June 2008
Unfortunately AGIMO released the report as 2.3 MB PDF and 138 KB RTF files. There was no easy to read web version, thus reducing the credibility of much of what the report said.

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Monday, November 03, 2008

Noosa Clever Networks

Senator Stephen Conroy, the Minister for Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy and the Arts, launched the Noosa Clever Networks project, 31 October 2008. This is based at the Cooroy Knowledge Precinct at the old Cooroy Butter Factory, on Queensland's Sunshine Coast. The project has $4.57M of Clever Networks funding for high-speed broadband. This is an excellent initiative, but the Senator and his staff need to learn to use the technology, not just talk about it.

According to the project web site, Noosa Clever Networks, involves a fibre optic connection to Brisbane via the rail line and WiMAX networks by Allegro Networks. Also Mach Technology will construct a Data Centre at the Old Butter Factory. According to the Minister, wireless and fibre broadband works have been completed and the data centre is ready.

Customer of the project include students at the Sippy Downs education precinct. It happens I visited the University of the Sunshine Coast, last December to talk about blended learning techniques . While there I dropped in on thin client startup company ThinLinX, which is located at a technology park adjacent to the campus. ThinLinX design low cost computers for business and education, ideally suited to the new broadband network.

Unfortunately, while the people of the sunshine coast have entered the broadband age, with the help of the federal government, the federal government itself still has not "got it". In his speech which launched the Noosa Clever Networks, the Broadband Minister said:
It is imperative that we also build the knowledge, skills and capabilities to ensure that all Australians have the opportunity to take advantage of these new technologies.

To that end, in four weeks time on 18 November, the Government will host the first Australian Council of Local Government meeting, at Parliament House in Canberra.

The one-day meeting with all Australian mayors and shire presidents will address issues of national and local significance.

Among these will be the immediate challenges facing major cities and growth corridors, including urban congestion, urban planning and design. ...
The irony of opening a regional broadband network designed to replace travel, by inviting people to fly to Canberra, seems to be lost on the minister's speech-writer. It is such last century thinking which is preventing many of the problems facing Australia from being solved, with urban congestion, planning and design.

Inviting people to fly thousands of kilometres to a centralised meeting and cause traffic congestion in Canberra is not the way to solve problems of urban congestion and promote regions. Senator Conroy and his staff need to learn to use the technology he is responsible for promoting.

I suggest that the Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy could take an active part in the first meeting of the Australian Council of Local Government. by sponsoring an online component for the event. This would allow for experts and the general community to have input online over an extended period, rather than just being a passive audience for a short, remote event in Canberra.

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Saturday, November 01, 2008

Economic Model of Carbon Trading

The Australian Government released Australia's Low Pollution Future: The Economics of Climate Change Mitigation on the 30 October 2008. This reports economic modelling of the proposed cap-and-trade "Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme". It finds a modest cost for the scheme. The report is deficient in not considering the impact of new technologies on climate changes. There is only one reference to the Internet: "Who at that time could have predicted developments such as the internet, containerised shipping or modern air freight?" (page 18). There are ten references to air transportation, but none to the web, ICT computers or telecommunications. This is despite research showing ICT more to greenhouse gasses than airlines.

Available:
The main report is provided in one PDF and RTF document and chapter by chapter. The full report is 292 pages in a 2.2 Mbyte PDF file. At about 8 kbytes per page, that is a reasonable size for a PDF document. But the designers could have done a better job of offering the summary material to the reader before the full report. Many web users will click on the first link of a page and in this case that will be to the 2.2 Mbyte full report. It would be better if a small web page summary was offered first.

Unfortunately the poor formatting of the document will contribute to greenhouse gas emissions. An example, 80% of the "preliminaries" section of the document is taken up with high quality facsimile autographs of the Treasurer, Wayne Swan, and the Minister for Climate Change and Water, Penny Wong. As well as providing a way to fake government documents, these "signatures" waste space and add nothing of value to the report.

PDF Zip RTF
Australia's Low Pollution Future: The Economics of Climate Change Mitigation – Report 2.2MB 2.4MB
Preliminaries 188KB 1MB
Chapter 1: Context for reducing emissions 98KB 143KB
Chapter 2: Framework for analysis 207KB 435KB
Chapter 3: The reference scenario – Assumptions and projections 468KB 4.7MB
Chapter 4: Description of policy scenarios 169KB 586KB
Chapter 5: Mitigation scenarios – International results 433KB 1.7MB
Chapter 6: Mitigation scenarios – Australian results 489KB 6.4MB
Chapter 7: Key findings and future analysis 98KB 133KB
Annex A: Modelling framework 197KB 415KB
Annex B: Treasury climate change mitigation policy modelling assumptions 412KB 2.7MB
Glossary 60KB 172KB
List of Boxes, Charts and Tables 70KB 132KB

The Treasury's modelling demonstrates that early global action is less expensive than later action; that a market-based approach allows robust economic growth into the future even as emissions fall; and that many of Australia's industries will maintain or improve their competitiveness under an international agreement to combat climate change.

The modelling shows that Australia and the world continue to prosper while making the emission cuts required to reduce the risks of dangerous climate change. ...

From: Australia's Low Pollution Future: The Economics of Climate Change Mitigation, 30 October 2008

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Friday, October 31, 2008

Review of existing Australian and international cyber-safety research

The Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy has issued a Request for Tender for a Review of existing Australian and international cyber-safety research. The work is expected to cost $50,000 to $100,000. There is a 61 page document describing the project to potential tenderers:

The internet is an essential part of the Australian economy and a powerful resource for communication, interaction, entertainment and learning. While there are many ways in which Australian children benefit from computers and the internet, there is also risk associated with their use. This is particularly the case given the internet’s global reach, and that in some jurisdictions the internet is unregulated or laws are not enforced.

Cyber-safety is about keeping children safe online. Potential dangers for children using the internet include:

  • exposure to pornographic, illegal and other inappropriate material
  • cyber-bullying and harassment
  • exposure to promotion of inappropriate social and health behaviours
  • cyber-stalking and sexual grooming
  • identity fraud
  • violation of privacy
  • spam and computer viruses

Such dangers can lead to both short and long-term effects such as physical harm, anti-social behaviour, depression and have a financial impact.

In the 2008-09 Budget, the Australian Government committed $125.8 million over the next four years to a comprehensive range of cyber-safety measures, including law enforcement, education, international co operation, research and filtering.

The Department, in collaboration with the Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) and other government agencies, is tasked with implementing the Government’s comprehensive cyber safety plan. The Consultative Working Group on cyber-safety has been established to consider issues of cyber-safety to guide future policy. Outreach activities, including practical guides for parents and teachers to increase awareness and education, and improved web sites to provide cyber-safety information, will be implemented by the ACMA.

The Consultative Working Group was established to advise the Government on cyber-safety issues in order to ensure properly developed and targeted policy initiatives. The services procured in this RFT are intended to inform the work of the Consultative Working Group and the Government's cyber-safety policies and programs. Ongoing research into the changing digital environment will assist in identifying issues and target future policy and funding.
...

The Service provider must provide the Department with a report based on the professional investigation, identification and analysis of existing authoritative Australian and international research on cyber safety. The report must identify:

58.1.1 the nature, prevalence and implications of cyber safety risks to Australian children. This should include:

a. findings from existing Australian and international empirical research, surveys and literature reviews; and

b. presentation of findings by key age cohorts (eg preschool, junior school, high school and college);

58.1.2 what is known about quantification of the risks and their consequences. These risks, without limitation, must include:

  • abuse of children online (cyber-stalking and sexual grooming);
  • cyber-bullying;
  • exposure to illegal and inappropriate content;
  • promotion of inappropriate social and health behaviours (technology addiction, anorexia, drug usage, underage drinking and smoking);
  • breaches of privacy, identify theft and online security; and
  • “drifting” behaviour (viewing of inappropriate images leading to unhealthy curiosity about and tolerance for images of greater concern, e.g. child abuse);
      1. technical and behavioural measures deployed by children, teachers, parents and others to mitigate cyber safety risks;

      2. the effectiveness of current technical and behavioural measures as perceived by children, parents, teachers and others;

58.1.5 additional measures that children, parents, teachers, the community, industry might take to reduce cyber-safety risk and the potential effectiveness of these;

58.1.6 external factors which may contribute to the type and level of risk that a child encounters online;

58.1.7 any gaps in research, and in particular gaps in Australian data, relevant to the delivery of 58.1.1 through 58.1.6; and

58.1.8 options for maintaining the currency of information collected and considered in the delivery of 58.1.1 through 58.1.6.

The report must be presented in line with the Commonwealth style guide. All report findings and statistics contained in the report must be properly referenced.

The report would be considered fit for purpose where its findings are demonstrably authoritative, can be relied on by the Government to effectively inform its policies and programs, effectively reflects comments and amendments requested by the Department in response to the progress reports and the draft report and accords with the terms and conditions of the Agreement for the delivery of the Service.

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Monday, October 27, 2008

Australian Government Rostering System Tender

The Australian Government's Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry has issued a Request for Tender for a Staff Timesheet Rostering and Allocation Information Technology System (DAFF 151/08 24-Oct-2008). This should be expanded to provide a government wide, wenb based service, in line with the with the recommendations of the Gershon Report on Australian Government ICT.

The tender documents include a very comprehensive 67 page "Statement of Requirements - Business Requirements". There is also a ten page document on the technical details of the AQIS data network. The data network details are interesting in that it includes mobile connections via the public Internet and mobile phones. It is likely that tenderers will offer web based systems in response.

As with the multiple e-recruitment system tenders, it seems likely that there are other Australian Government agencies with essentially the same requirements. The government should therefore expand this tender to meet other agencies requirements. Apart from lowering costs and increasing the flexibility of the system it would also reduce the energy use and greenhouse gas emissions of the system. This would fit with the recommendations of the Gershon Report on Australian Government ICT.

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Thursday, October 23, 2008

Running the War in Iraq

Running the in Iraq by Jim MolanGeneral Jim Molan's book "Running the in Iraq: An Australian General, 300,000 Troops, the Bloodiest Conflict of Our Time" gives a useful insight into the complexities and stresses of commanding a modern military force. The general eventually had control of 300,000, mostly American, troops but on his arrival had to find himself a job. Also there were some details of how technology is used in the command centre, with the commanders having regular video conferences, preceded by the support staff spending hours preparing Power point presentations. The use of drone aircraft with the headquarters watching the battle live and the use of instant messaging systems is also mentioned.

You probibly don't get to be a general by being shy or modest, but the book as a little to much self congratulation of leadership attributes and quotes of citations from others. Also the general seems to have been captured by the military obsession with check-lists. At one stage he mentions how difficult it was to get the staff to use a check-list he devised (from memory, it had 48 steps in it).

The best part of the book is early on, describing the initial arrival in Iraq and having to fit into the US military set-up and find a role. While general-ship can't avoid politics, the weakest part of the book is that which tries to justify the Iraq operations. This would have been a better book if that was left for another volume.

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Tuesday, October 21, 2008

National Cyber Security Exercise Report

The Australian Attorney-General's Department has issued "Cyber Storm II - National Cyber Security Exercise - Final Report". This is the unclassified version of the report on Australia's part in the US anti-cyber-terrorism exercise Cyber Storm II:
Cyber Storm II was structured and executed as a large-scale national exercise within an international framework. Canada, New Zealand, the UK and the US were participants. Australia’s participation was second only to the United States, and involved Australian Government agencies, state and territory governments and the largest contingent of private sector organisations ever involved in an Australian Government-sponsored exercise. The exercise structure allowed participants to exercise their internal incident response and communications in a national framework that allowed external communications to be more than notional and which encouraged a collaborative response.

Cyber Storm II was conducted as a “no-fault” exercise. Its purpose was not to obtain a stock-take of participant’s internal crisis management arrangements. Nor was the exercise a test of the resilience of participant’s networks to cyber attack. The starting point for the exercise was that the adversary had sufficient time, money and motivation to penetrate any network.

Many participants recognised that the global exercise framework provided by Cyber Storm II was an extremely cost-effective way of conducting an in-house cyber exercise.

The exercise proved that the major elements of the national response arrangements are sound, but as expected also found a number of areas where improvement would be possible. This report captures key findings and participant’s observations as they relate to cyber incident response.

The key findings are that crisis arrangements must be regularly reviewed and tested; established relationships facilitate rapid information sharing during a crisis; crisis communications procedures must be predicated on accurate and appropriate points of contact and formalised; cyber crises require tailored responses that take into account multiple inter-dependencies; and incident response is assisted by having clear escalation thresholds.

From: Executive Summary, Cyber Storm II - National Cyber Security Exercise - Final Report, August 2008

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Friday, October 17, 2008

Sustainability of Australian Government ICT

The Review of the Australian Government's Use of Information and Communication Technology includes a recommendation on Sustainability of ICT. This proposes a whole-of-government ICT sustainability plan to manage the Government ICT carbon footprint. This is consistent with the Personal Computer and Monitors Energy Efficiency Strategy, recommending mandatory energy standard for government procurement, energy targets for agencies, reporting and activating power saving features in PCs.

5.7 Recommendation 7 – Sustainability of ICT

5.7.1 Develop a whole-of-government ICT sustainability plan (in conjunction with DEWHA) to manage the carbon footprint of the Government’s ICT activities

To better align the Government’s overall sustainability agenda and its ability to understand its energy costs and the footprint of its ICT estate, I recommend the development of an ICT sustainability plan.

The ICT sustainability plan should:

  • identify which of the available standards (for example, EPEAT™) should be adopted as mandatory for relevant ICT acquisitions (the requirement to purchase green ICT equipment should be incorporated into the client code of conduct as detailed under Recommendation 5.6.2)
  • include a whole-of-government ICT energy target, with agencies to report their progress towards the target
  • take into account potential implications of a carbon pollution reduction scheme.

I also recommend that large agencies (with ICT spends in excess of $20 million) develop an ICT energy efficiency plan that can be either part of a wider agency energy efficiency plan, or freestanding. As a priority, agencies should measure their data centre energy efficiency (which may require the installation of electricity meters in some instances). Agencies should also include in their plan a target energy usage, including the power usage effectiveness32 of their data centres.

Larger agencies will need to undertake a periodic independent ICT energy assessment. Subject to agreement by the Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts (DEWHA), agency plans will also be independently assessed by DEWHA, with results of the assessment reported to the Ministers for Finance and Deregulation, and Resources and Energy. Reporting of progress against the plan, should be in a way that is consistent with other reporting requirements such as the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Framework.

When procuring new ICT products and services, it is important that agencies consider their impact on the environment. AGIMO, in conjunction with DEWHA, should develop a green ICT procurement kit to support agencies regarding environmental issues in relation to ICT products and services. This should include raw material acquisition, manufacture, distribution, use and disposal.

5.7.2 Identify green ICT quick wins

In the interim, AGIMO should identify a possible list of quick wins in this area, such as software controlled automatic turn-off of PCs, based on the best practices already adopted by some agencies and in the private sector.

From: Sustainability of ICT, Recommendations from the Review of the Australian Government's Use of ICT, Sir Peter Gershon, 28 August 2008 (released by Minister Tanner 16 October 2008)

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Gershon Report on Australian Government ICT

The Review of the Australian Government's Use of Information and Communication Technology by Sir Peter Gershon, was released by the Minister for Finance on 16 October 2008. This provides a snapshot of the current state of ICT in the Australian Government. Sir Peter comments that agency autonomy the "model of weak governance of ICT at a whole-of-government level" is sub-optimal. He argues for sustained leadership by top officials and Ministers and resources for change, and skilled staff. The report presents a powerful argument clearly, but is overly optimistic as to how quickly changes can be made.

Will the Ministers Listen?

My experience of being a senior ICT policy maker in government nine years ago was that such skills were not highly valued by the senior executive of the Australian Public Service nor the ministers. This was more a failing of ICT professionals to present their capabilities in a way that non-technical clients could understand, than a failure of the leadership. Advances have been made since then, with Australia leading the world in writing a standard for Governance ICT which has now been adopted globally. Also ICT professionals are being better trained in communication and business skills. My colleagues in the Australian Computer Society and the Australian National Unviersity have been contributing to that effort with training for new and current ICT professionals.

Sustainable ICT Planning

The report recommends development of a whole-of-government ICT sustainability plan, in conjunction with the Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts (DEWHA), to manage the energy costs and carbon footprint of the Government’s ICT activities. This is a recommendation I made while preparing the Personal Computer and Monitors Energy Efficiency Strategy for DEWHA. Ideally, a sustainability plan can be integrated with the reports other recommendations for a whole-of-government approach to data centres, governance, spending and skills, so that environmental improvements can be combined with cost savings.

Recommendations such as a 50% reduction in contractors in 2 years will be difficult to achieve. Restoring the whole-of-government ICT career structure, which was dismantled with outsourcing, will take time. A whole-of-government strategic ICT workforce plan should be made easier by recent developments in technology and training, with better standards making skills portability more feasable.

50% Saving by Finance Possible in Formatting of the report

The Executive Summary and each chapter of the report has been provided as a separate web page, as well as the full text in one 3Mbyte PDF document. Providing the report sections as web pages greatly improves access and the Minister's staff are to be commended for this. Frequently such government reports are only made available as one large lump of hard to read PDF. The report is overall well formatted and could be displayed on a mobile web browser of a smart phone, as well as a desktop screen. There was one validation error found. An automated accessibility test reported a number of minor accessibility problems: one Level-A, 3 Double A and one Triple A, which could be easily corrected.

However, there is one major flaw in the design of the department of finance web site, with all web pages having an excessively large side menu. The executive summary of the Gershon report is 95 Kbytes of HTML. Of this only 22 Kbytes is the text of the report, with 78% of the file taken up with the Finance menu. This menu appears to occur in all web pages on the Finance department web site and will be causing an excessive load on the system. Also the image in the document has been incorrectly coded as a JPEG image. So the Finance Department could commence implementation of the Gershon reforms with an optimisation of the design of its own web site. A simple redesign would reduce the size of the documents by 50% and thus make a 50% saving in the size of the web server and telecommunications required. Details of how to do this are in my course on web design at the ANU.

Table of Contents

  1. Chapter 1: Views from within the Australian Government
    1. ICT Investment Decision Making
    2. Project delivery
    3. Organisational capability
    4. People
    5. Managing ICT spend
    6. Procurement and ICT Outsourcing
    7. Use of best practice
    8. Views on existing whole-of-government arrangements
    9. Views on data centres
    10. Views on the ICT industry
    11. ICT arrangements in Ministerial Offices
  2. Chapter 2: Views from outside the Australian Government
    1. Better utilisation of ICT assets
    2. Shared services
    3. Standardised/coordinated approach to procurement
    4. Use of Commercial Off-the-shelf Solutions
    5. Need for standardisation
    6. Whole-of-government governance
    7. High costs of tendering
    8. The Australian government compared to other governments
    9. Skills shortage
    10. Green ICT
    11. Security Clearances
    12. Best practices
  3. Chapter 3: Summary of survey findings
    1. Survey approach
    2. Survey Results
  4. Chapter 4: Key findings
    1. Weak governance of pan-government issues related to ICT
    2. Agency governance mechanisms are weak in respect of focus on ICT efficiency and understanding of organisational capability to commission, manage and realise benefits from ICT-enabled projects
    3. The business as usual ICT funding in agencies is not subject to sufficient challenge and scrutiny
    4. Disconnect between the stated importance of ICT and actions in relation to ICT skills
    5. There is no whole-of-government strategic plan for data centres. In the absence of such a plan, the government will be forced into a series of ad hoc investments which will, in total, cost significantly more than a coordinated approach
    6. The Government ICT marketplace is neither efficient nor effective
    7. There is a significant disconnect between the Government’s overall sustainability agenda and its ability to understand and manage energy costs and the carbon footprint